<\/p>\n
Vara nu este un moment de repaus pentru pomicultori deoarece acum este momentul oportun pentru a efectua t\u0103ierile de \u00eentre\u021binere, a\u0219a-numitele t\u0103ieri \u00een verde.\u00a0Dup\u0103 ce a fost format\u0103 coroana pomilor, ea trebuie men\u021binut\u0103 prin t\u0103ieri de \u00eentre\u021binere \u0219i fructificare.<\/p>\n
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T\u0103ierile (opera\u021biunile) \u00een verde\u00a0sunt lucr\u0103ri speciale \u0219i absolut necesare \u00een ciclul biologic anual al pomilor, \u00eencep\u00e2nd chiar cu momentul form\u0103rii coroanei pomilor. Prin efectul pe care \u00eel determin\u0103 prin schimbarea pozi\u021biei punctului de cre\u0219tere, al unghiului fa\u021b\u0103 de axa vertical\u0103 imaginar\u0103 a pomului, a pozi\u021bion\u0103rii ramurilor \u00een plan orizontal \u0219i buna iluminare \u0219i aerisire a interiorului coroanei pomilor, t\u0103ierile \u00een verde au efect determinant \u00een p\u0103strarea echilibrului \u00eentre cre\u0219terea \u0219i dezvoltarea pomilor, pe de o parte \u0219i ob\u021binerea de produc\u021bii constante \u0219i controlate.<\/p>\n
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Deosebit de important\u0103 este \u0219i alegerea datei la care se vor efectua opera\u021biile \u00een verde. La m\u0103r, de exemplu, perioada optim\u0103 este sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lunii iulie \u0219i \u00eenceputul lunii august. La aceasta dat\u0103 mugurii terminali ai ml\u0103di\u021belor scurte \u00ee\u0219i \u00eenceteaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea. Aceste opera\u021biuni (t\u0103ieri) permit \u00eendep\u0103rtarea por\u021biunilor de lemn \u0219i vegeta\u021bie care sunt bolnave.<\/p>\n
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Iat\u0103 care sunt principalele t\u0103ieri care pot fi f\u0103cute vara, \u00een verde<\/p>\n
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-Alegerea l\u0103starilor pentru formarea coroanei \u2013<\/strong> se face la pomii planta\u0163i toamna sau prim\u0103vara. \u00cen luna iunie pe vergile scurtate la 60-80 cm se aleg trei l\u0103stari uniform repartiza\u0163i \u00een jurul trunchiului la 10-12 cm unul de altul pentru a forma coroana \u00een form\u0103 de vas \u2013 cea mai corespunz\u0103toare pentru prun, cais, piersic, uneori chiar la m\u0103r \u015fi cire\u015f. Dac\u0103 dorim coroan\u0103 \u00een form\u0103 de palmet\u0103 se alege un l\u0103star pentru ax \u015fi doi pe direc\u0163ia r\u00e2ndului pentru \u015farpante.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Restul l\u0103starilor se suprim\u0103 cu foarfeca sau chiar cu m\u00e2na dac\u0103 sunt ierbacei. Cu aceast\u0103 ocazie se \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 \u015fi l\u0103starii porni\u0163i din portaltoi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n -Ciupitul l\u0103starilor<\/strong> \u2013 este opera\u0163iunea de \u00eendep\u0103rtare a v\u00e2rfului erbaceu \u00eempreun\u0103 cu 4-5 frunze tinere. Ciupitul se face at\u00e2t la l\u0103starii ale\u015fi pentru formarea coroanei atunci c\u00e2nd ei dep\u0103\u015fesc 60-70 cm, c\u00e2t \u015fi la al\u0163i l\u0103stari ai pomilor tineri, scopul principal fiind ramificarea, adic\u0103 formarea l\u0103starilor anticipa\u0163i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Perioada optim\u0103 este luna iunie. Ciupitul \u00eent\u00e2rziat din luna iulie sau august are drept scop diferen\u0163ierea mugurilor de rod pe por\u0163iunea de l\u0103stari r\u0103mas\u0103 \u015fi o mai bun\u0103 maturare a lemnului.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n -Plivitul l\u0103starilor<\/strong>\u00a0 \u2013 reprezint\u0103 lucrarea de \u00eendep\u0103rtare a l\u0103starilor de prisos \u015fi se face at\u00e2t la pomii tineri c\u00e2t \u015fi la cei pe rod. Se \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 l\u0103starii concuren\u0163i, iar pe ramurile de semischelet se r\u0103resc la 10-15 cm (asta mai ales la pomii tineri). La pomii maturi sau \u00een declin se \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 total l\u0103starii lacomi dac\u0103 coroana este prea deas\u0103 sau se r\u0103resc la 20-30 cm c\u00e2nd coroana este rar\u0103, ace\u015ftia urm\u00e2nd apoi s\u0103 fie scurta\u0163i \u00een vederea transform\u0103rii lor \u00een ramuri de semischelet.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u2013R\u0103rirea fructelor<\/strong> \u2013 Aceasta se recomand\u0103 la toate speciile, dar se practic\u0103 la m\u0103r, p\u0103r, piersic, mai rar la prun \u015fi cais \u015fi aproape niciodat\u0103 la cire\u015f \u015fi vi\u015fin. Prin r\u0103rirea fructelor se creeaz\u0103 condi\u0163ii favorabile de cre\u015ftere a fructelor r\u0103ma\u015fe, acestea ating dimensiunile impuse pentru categoriile extra \u015fi I, acumuleaz\u0103 mai multe zaharuri, se coloreaz\u0103 mai bine av\u00e2nd astfel calit\u0103\u0163i gustative deosebite. La m\u0103r \u015fi piersic aceast\u0103 lucrare este strict obligatorie.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tot \u00een r\u00e2ndul opera\u0163iunilor \u00een verde pot fi cuprinse \u015fi lucr\u0103rile impuse de igiena cultural\u0103: t\u0103ierea v\u00e2rfurilor atacate de f\u0103inare, a v\u00e2rfului l\u0103starilor de cire\u015f ataca\u0163i de p\u0103duchii negri, a ramurilor \u015fi a l\u0103starilor afecta\u0163i de monilioz\u0103, de arsura bacterian\u0103, de alte boli \u015fi d\u0103un\u0103tori.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n De re\u021binut! T\u0103ierea \u00een verde nu se va aplica pomilor \u00een primul an de la plantare, ajut\u00e2ndu-i s\u0103 treac\u0103 peste stresul plant\u0103rii. Cu toate acestea se pot ciupi v\u00e2rfurile l\u0103starilor concuren\u021bi dac\u0103 ace\u0219tia au 15 -20 cm.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n La fiecare trecere prin livad\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 ave\u0163i cu dumnevoastr\u0103 foarfeca pentru a \u00eendep\u0103rta l\u0103starii inoportuni sau ramurile \u00een curs de uscare.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Aten\u0163ie!\u00a0Dac\u0103 unii pomi sunt viroza\u0163i,\u00a0foarfeca trebuie dezinfectat\u0103\u00a0la trecerea de la un pom la altul.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Efectu\u00e2nd opera\u0163iuni \u00een verde con\u015ftiincios \u015fi la timp ve\u0163i ob\u0163ine fructe de calitate, \u00een fiecare an, iar pomii vor fi mai viguro\u015fi \u015fi s\u0103n\u0103to\u015fi \u0219i nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd ve\u021bi avea mai pu\u021bin de munc\u0103 la t\u0103ierea din iarn\u0103 sau prim\u0103var\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Vara nu este un moment de repaus pentru pomicultori deoarece acum este momentul oportun…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1115,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/saptamana.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gradini-1.jpg",677,381,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/saptamana.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gradini-1-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/saptamana.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gradini-1-300x169.jpg",300,169,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/saptamana.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gradini-1.jpg",640,360,false],"large":["https:\/\/saptamana.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gradini-1.jpg",640,360,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/saptamana.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gradini-1.jpg",677,381,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/saptamana.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gradini-1.jpg",677,381,false],"covernews-slider-full":["https:\/\/saptamana.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gradini-1.jpg",677,381,false],"covernews-slider-center":["https:\/\/saptamana.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gradini-1.jpg",677,381,false],"covernews-featured":["https:\/\/saptamana.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gradini-1.jpg",677,381,false],"covernews-medium":["https:\/\/saptamana.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gradini-1-540x340.jpg",540,340,true],"covernews-medium-square":["https:\/\/saptamana.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/gradini-1-400x250.jpg",400,250,true]},"author_info":{"display_name":"SAPTAMANA.md","author_link":"https:\/\/saptamana.md\/index.php\/author\/saptamana-md\/"},"category_info":"Casa \u015fi gr\u0103dina<\/a>","tag_info":"Casa \u015fi gr\u0103dina","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/saptamana.md\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1114"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/saptamana.md\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/saptamana.md\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saptamana.md\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saptamana.md\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1114"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/saptamana.md\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1114\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saptamana.md\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/saptamana.md\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saptamana.md\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saptamana.md\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}